What is the primary purpose of a condenser in a power cycle?

The primary purpose of a condenser in a power cycle is to convert exhaust steam back to water for reuse in the boiler. This process is crucial for enhancing the overall efficiency of a power plant. When steam exits the turbine after performing work, it is at a low pressure and in a gaseous state. The condenser cools this exhaust steam, allowing it to condense into water. The condensed water, often referred to as condensate, can then be returned to the boiler, where it can be converted back into steam, thus closing the cycle.

This condensation process not only recovers water for reuse but also helps maintain a low-pressure environment at the turbine outlet, which improves the efficiency of the turbine itself. By ensuring that the steam system remains closed and continuous, the plant can minimize water consumption and loss, contributing to more sustainable operations.

Additionally, while there are other components involved in a power cycle—such as systems that manage steam purity or pollution control for flue gases—the specific role of the condenser is focused on the phase change of steam back to water and facilitating the cycle of water reuse.