Heating boilers achieve maximum efficiency when operated:

Heating boilers achieve maximum efficiency when operated continuously at full load because they are designed to operate optimally within specific parameters that cater to consistent thermal output. When a boiler runs at full load continuously, it can maintain stable operating temperatures and pressures, which allows for more efficient combustion processes and heat transfer.

Operating at full load ensures that the heat exchanger surfaces are adequately utilized, leading to better heat transfer efficiency. This optimal operation reduces fuel consumption per unit of heat generated and minimizes wear and tear on the system due to fluctuating conditions. Continuous operation avoids the inefficiencies associated with frequent cycling on and off, which can lead to incomplete combustion and increased emissions.

In contrast, intermittent operations at varying loads tend to create more operational variation, which can hamper overall efficiency and result in recurring start-up and shut-down losses that waste energy and increase operational costs. Therefore, continuously operating the boiler at its rated capacity is the most efficient way to achieve maximum performance in a heating boiler system.